The Hydrogen Fuel Cell was first demonstrated by Sir William Grove in 1839 and operates via a reverse electrolysis process, converting hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and water.
The electrolysis process can be used to decompose water into gas providing the essential fuel.
A fuel cell consists of an electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, causing an electrochemical reaction that produces electricity, heat and water
A truly workable fuel cell was not demonstrated until 1959 but once proven they were and still are utilised in manned space programmes operated by all space agencies, NASA, ESA and the Russians, as they provided a more efficient energy generation system than solar cell arrays. Following the peak of the manned space developments in the 1960s/70s, developments of the technology was starved of funding until the 1990s when concern about the climate revived research and development leading towards commercialisation.
More recent developments in materials technology have enabled the production of Fuel Cells at an affordable level to stimulate the terrestrial application industry.
Fuel cell systems have efficiency levels of the order 55-80% and improving, depending on load in operational conditions, as compared to 15-35% for conventional internal combustion power plants. The use of Auriga’s algorithms, the use of regenerative braking and ‘balance of system’ will improve on this further. They have the potential to use less fuel than competing technologies and to emit no pollution (exhaust is water vapour) when used and are quiet in their operation.